global climate-changing emissions: Prospects for reduction, implications on economy and why some countries are reluctant
https://ilokabenneth.blogspot.com/2014/10/global-climate-changing-emissions.html
Author: Iloka Benneth Chiemelie
Published: 15-October-2014
Published: 15-October-2014
1. Introduction
Recent discussion in the business setting has
focused on corporate social responsibility with the center of such discussion
being on ways to cub climate change – which is threatening the sustainability
of the human race (WHO, 2009a, b). As such, this paper will discuss ways
business, individuals and countries can help reduce climate-changing emissions
as well as factors that can potentially hinder or enhance such process.
2. Prospects
for reducing global climate-changing emissions
As the world continues to search for the most
effective way for reducing climate change, it is important to recognize hopeful
measures on that accord. The UK’s Community on Climate Change (2014) has
singled out low-carbon fuels as the greatest measure for reducing
climate-changing emissions. Such ideology is backed up by their discoveries
that greater use of low-carbon courses of energy does provide the right route
for decarburization and energy efficiency.
Thus, low-carbon technologies represents the greatest prospects for
reducing climate-changing emissions and there are wide ranges of promising
low-carbon technologies as discussed below.
1.
Renewable energy – this form of energy are gotten from
sustainable natural sources such as solar, wind and tidal, and they have no
negative effects on the society.
2.
Nuclear power – they are generated from nuclear plants but
unlike the renewable energy, they can hazardous is not well managed or when
struck by act of nature as experienced in the Japanese Tsunami.
3.
Carbon capture and storage – this involves capturing carbon dioxides
that are emitted from huge installations and storing them for powering homes.
This has not been widely commercialized, but the case of fossil fuels from
sewages is used in homes. It has been shown to emit less than 90% of wastes
compared to other sources.
4.
Bioenergy – this form of energy is gotten from biomass feedstock
and it can be in slid, gaseous, or liquid state.
5.
Electrification – this involves moving into low-carbon form
of electricity like the energy bulbs that consume less electricity than regular
bulbs.
3. How
this can be done without harming global economic welfare
Robert Stavins (2009) from the Harvard
Kennedy School presented one of the most comprehensive analysis of ways to
reduce carbon emission without hurting the economy. The author argues that this
is possible by employing intelligent and
appropriate policies.
A good example as offered by the author is
via the combination of national and
multinational cap –and- trade systems. Such system is expected to revolve
around companies being used with rights from the government to produce carbon
that they could buy or sell in an open market. In cases where companies need
more carbon, they will have to buy more rights and in cases where companies
have more carbons that needed, they can sell such to make money. The expected
outcome is an equilibrium in the line of demand and supply.
4. Implications
for demand-side economics of reducing climate-changing emissions
If the example demonstrated by Robert Stavins
(2009) is to be adopted, it can be seen that a number of implications might
arise from the demand-side. The most likely will be an energy scarcity of over
preservation for future use. For instance, big multinational companies might
want to maintain their huge economies of large scale production and be forced
in the process to buy and store more energy. Evidently, it can reduce the
volume of energy available for market consumption and effectively result to
energy scarcity. The outcome will potentially be a halt in the production unit
of competing companies and increased level of monopoly from big corporations
that can afford to store huge energy reserves.
5. Why
some countries are reluctant to adopt carbon emissions targets
True! Robert Stavins (2009) made known that
it is possible to reduce climate-changing emissions without hurting the
economy, but the author didn’t say that such will be easy as a number of
barriers have also been identified by the author as having the potential to
hinder switch to a more efficient energy source. Some of the reasons why some
countries are reluctant to adopt carbon emission targets include:
1.
Huge cost of meeting such targets – the switch to a low-carbon source of
energy takes time and it is expensive. Some of the developing countries are
reluctant to adopt such measures because they can’t afford to invest heavily in
such measures.
2.
Lack of technologies and expertise – even when the decision is made to adopt
low-carbon and the financial requirement available, the absence of right technologies
and expertise can also hinder the process. As discussed earlier, some of these
technologies (such as fossil fuels) have not been commercialized while others
are still in the development phase.
3.
Potential halt on production and productivity – Robert Stavins (2009) made known that when
the call to low-carbon energy is raised, the normal believe is that it will
require full change of present production process and the fear that it could
halt production becomes a barrier to change intention. However, while this is
not always the case, it is important that it can halt the process as some time
will be required for installation and testing before adoption.
4.
Blame factors – although this might not be widely studied,
I have marketed for biogas company in Nigeria and one of the responses I get
from customer is that ‘they did not cause global warning so why do they need to
spend so much to reduce it” or “it is China and USA that caused global warming
so they should reduce it.” Thus, this can become an issue in the national
stage.
5.
Lack of adequate monitoring – the absence of adequate monitoring also
means that some government can adopt “paper change” (reduction in just the
media) than “actual change.”
6. Conclusion
Reducing energy emission is not an individual
thing, everybody (individuals, corporations and governments) have a role to
play in making that possible (IPCC, 2009; Environmental Protection Agency,
2009). The lack of such roles will also
mean an increase in emission and overall increase on the negativities
associated with such process. Thus, it is recommended that necessary actions
such as those discussed above should be adopted in order to make the process a
possibility.
7. References
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (2009), “Adaptation to climate change in the context of
sustainable development and equity”, Climate Change 2001, Impacts, Adaptation
and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report
of the IPCC, available at: www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.html (accessed 11 December 2010).
Robert Stavins
(2009). Can Countries Cut Carbon Emissions Without Hurting Economic Growth?
Available at: http://www.robertstavinsblog.org/2009/09/24/can-countries-cut-carbon-emissions-without-hurting-economic-growth/ [Accessed on: 16th of August
2014].
The UK Committee on
Climate Change (2014). Low-carbon fuels. Available at: http://www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/reducing-carbon-emissions/what-can-be-done/low-carbon-fuels/ [Accessed on: 16th of August
2014].
World Health
Organization (2009a), “Protecting health from climate change: connecting
science, policy and people”, available
at:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598880_eng.pdf (accessed
10 October 2010).
World Health
Organization (2009b), “Protecting health from climate change”, Global Research
Priorities, available at:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598187_eng.pdf (accessed 10
October 2010).